Elektronka
Neznan, Neznana
- Opis:
- [SLO]: Elektronska cev, nekoč ključna komponenta pri gradnji računalnikov. Računalniki so v osnovi zgrajeni na konceptu stikal, ki nadzorujejo tok električnih signalov za izvajanje izračunov. V najzgodnejših računalnikih so to vlogo izpolnjevale elektronske cevi. Elektronske cevi so bile ključne komponente v prvi generaciji elektronskih računalnikov, razvitih v 40. in 50. letih 20. stoletja. Te naprave so delovale kot stikala, tako da so omogočale ali preprečevale pretok električnega toka. Računalniki, kot sta ENIAC in UNIVAC, so uporabljali tisoče elektronskih cevi, kar jih uvršča med prve primere elektronskih digitalnih računalnikov. Elektronska cev, izumljena leta 1906, je bila pomemben napredek, ki je nastal z dodajanjem tretje elektrode diodi. Ta inovacija je omogočila, da so elektronske cevi delovale tako kot ojačevalniki v radijih kot tudi kot stikala v računalnikih. Mnogi zgodnji radijski oddajniki so se zanašali na elektronske cevi, ki so jih kasneje prilagodili za uporabo v računalnikih. Pred pojavom elektronskih cevi so elektromehanski releji opravljali podobno funkcijo, čeprav je bila njihova uporaba v računalnikih razmeroma kratka. Releji so bili fizična stikala, ki so se zaprla, ko je električni tok aktiviral magnet. Vendar so bili zgodnji releji počasni in nagnjeni k okvaram zaradi težav, kot so kopičenje prahu na kontaktih ali upogibanje premičnih kovinskih delov. Z napredkom tehnologije so elektronske cevi postopoma zamenjali tranzistorji, ki so se pojavili konec 40. let 20. stoletja in postali komercialno dostopni v 50. letih. Tranzistorji so bili veliko manjši, zanesljivejši in energetsko učinkovitejši v primerjavi z elektronskimi cevmi. Lahko so opravljali iste funkcije preklapljanja, vendar z občutno manjšo porabo energije in prostorskimi zahtevami. Prehod iz elektronskih cevi na tranzistorje je pomenil pomemben napredek v računalniški tehnologiji, kar je omogočilo razvoj druge generacije računalnikov konec 50. in 60. let 20. stoletja. Tranzistorji so omogočili gradnjo kompaktnejših in hitrejših strojev, kar je privedlo do pomembnih izboljšav hitrosti izračunov in shranjevalne zmogljivosti. [ENG]: Vacuum tube, once a crucial component in the construction of computers. Computers are fundamentally built on the concept of switches, which control the flow of electrical signals to perform computations. In the earliest computers, the role of these switches was fulfilled by vacuum tubes. Vacuum tubes were crucial components in the first generation of electronic computers, which were developed in the 1940s and 1950s. These devices acted as on/off switches by allowing or blocking the flow of electrical current. Computers like the ENIAC and the UNIVAC utilized thousands of vacuum tubes, making them some of the earliest examples of electronic digital computers. The vacuum tube, invented in 1906, was a significant advancement resulting from the addition of a third electrode to the diode. This innovation allowed vacuum tubes to function both as amplifiers in radios and as switches in computers. Many early radio transmitters relied on vacuum tubes, which were later adapted for use in computers. Prior to the advent of vacuum tubes, electromechanical relays served a similar purpose, though their use in computers was relatively brief. Relays were physical switches that closed when an electric current activated a magnet. However, early relays were slow and susceptible to failure due to issues like dust accumulation in the contacts or the bending of moving metal parts. As technology progressed, vacuum tubes were gradually replaced by transistors, which emerged in the late 1940s and became commercially viable in the 1950s. Transistors were much smaller, more reliable, and energy-efficient compared to vacuum tubes. They could perform the same switching functions but with a fraction of the power consumption and space requirements. The transition from vacuum tubes to transistors marked a significant advancement in computer technology, allowing for the development of the second generation of computers in the late 1950s and 1960s. Transistors enabled the construction of more compact and faster machines, leading to significant improvements in computational speed and storage capacity.
- Tip:
- TS-11
- Leto proizvodnje:
- None
- Število primerkov:
- 6
- Primerki:
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- Razstavljen:
- Povezave: